|
The Academia Antártica ("Antarctic Academy") was a society of writers, poets and intellectuals—mostly of the criollo caste—that assembled in Lima, Peru, in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Their objective was to author a body of literature that matched or surpassed that of Europe's and would prove that literariness indeed thrived in Spain's remotest colonies.〔See Chang-Rodríguez ("Ecos") 67.〕 Members of this collective together published several anthologies of original writings and translations, the most famous of which are the ''Primera parte del Parnaso Antártico de obras amatorias'' (''Antarctic Parnassus, Part One: Poems of Romance'') and the ''Segunda parte del Parnaso Antártico de divinos poemas'' (''Antarctic Parnassus, Part Two: Poems of the Divine'').〔Neither volume of the ''Parnaso Antártico'' has been published in English. These titles have been translated by Dustin Hixenbaugh, a Ph.D. student at the University of Texas at Austin, solely to achieve clarity in this article.〕 These are dated 1608 and 1617, respectively.〔See Vélez-Sainz.〕 ==Inspiration and influence== In the late 16th Century, Lima, Peru, was a vibrant cultural center characterized by a widespread appreciation for literature.〔See Chang-Rodríguez ("Gendered") 278-9.〕 Even in "mills, mines and haciendas", not to mention in the homes of the aristocracy, classical Greek and Roman texts were circulated heavily.〔Cañizares Esguerra 786.〕 These included the writings of Aristotle, Herodotus, Petrarch, Cicero and Ovid.〔Cañizares Esguerra 786-7.〕 Indeed, one of the Academia's most distinguishing features is its members' imitations of—and relentless allusions to—classical canonical texts.〔See González Echevarria 201.〕 The literary community in Lima was keenly attentive to cultural trends in Europe.〔See Chang-Rodríguez 279.〕 It is likely that certain Limeño writers felt compelled to form the Academia Antártica in the last decades of the 16th Century because similar societies had sprung up in Seville around that same time.〔See González Echevarria 200.〕 Because no records documenting the society's gatherings or membership roster remain, little else is known for certain about the Academia.〔See Rose 87.〕 Most of the information we have about its mission and affiliates comes from only three sources: (1) a sonnet composed by Gaspar de Villaroel that appears in the ''Arauco domado'' (1596) and is dedicated to the society; (2) the lyric poem "Discurso en loor de la poesía", which is attributed to the enigmatic Clarinda and praises many of the Academia's members; and (3) a sonnet named "Academia" that was written by Pedro de Oña.〔See Rose 87-88.〕 Scholars debate the organization and membership of the Academia Antártica—at least one critic has even suggested that it was actually just a branch of the University of San Marcos;〔 however, there is little disagreement about the society's mission to spread the word that in Lima world-caliber literary geniuses thrived.〔 Under the scrutiny of recent post-colonial theorists, the society's name has been interpreted as a deliberately hybrid intended to unite literary customs ("Academia") and spaces where they existed without recognition ("Antártica").〔 The original poetry associated with the Academia, in particular Clarinda's "Discurso en loor de la poesía" ("Discourse in Praise of Poetry"), seems to confirm that its members resented Europe's reluctance to acknowledge as talented the poets who lived and wrote in the American colonies.〔 To modern readers, the Academia's writing may seem more European in style and theme than American. This may be due to the collective's emphasis on the translation and imitation of classical works, the adherence to then-popular Petrarchan tropes, and the general absence of references to indigenous peoples and folklore. Nevertheless, the Academia represents an important step toward the achievement of a Peruvian national literature and its recognition by European intellectuals.〔See Higgins 27.〕 This recognition may have come from Spain's most influential author himself, Miguel de Cervantes, who in his ''Canto a Calíope'' (1583) celebrates the literature generated in Spain's American colonies, though he does not mention the Academia Antártica by name.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Academia Antártica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|